Ovarian Cysts and Masses
OvaRIAN CYSTS AND MASSES
Ovarian cysts and masses are common in women of all ages, and there are many different benign ovarian cysts that are common. At all ages (premenopausal and postmenopausal), most ovarian cysts are benign and are not cancer. Often cysts are asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally when women have imaging for other reasons. When causing symptoms, ovarian cysts may cause pelvic pain. Some types of ovarian cysts can also influence fertility. Ovarian cysts are best evaluated with ultrasound such as transvaginal ultrasound imaging. Other imaging modalities such as CT and MRI imaging are occasionally useful for evaluation for ovarian masses. Evaluation of ovarian cysts and masses includes collecting relevant history including family history of cancers, performing physical exam, imaging such as ultrasound, and, in some cases, laboratory evaluation with tumor markers. Ultimately, many ovarian cysts need either repeat imaging over time and/or surgery to remove the cyst or ovary. When surgery is needed, surgery is performed for diagnosis of the type of cyst or mass, exclusion of cancer, and treatment, with removal of the cyst/mass or the entire ovary being the main treatment.
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